Glass Beads
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 Glass Beads, and Jewelry
Beads information: Roman glassmaking techniques were revived and modified to suit neoclassical taste. Continental glass factories made a version of laminated gold-leaf glass, called zwischengoldglas. Cameolike effects were attained with encrusted sulphides, and actual cameo engraving and cutting were practiced by artisans beginning in midcentury, culminating in the work of Thomas Webb and Sons (founded 1837), a glasshouse in Stourbridge, England. Paperweights, popular from about 1845, were often made in a millefiori (thousand flowers) design recalling the mosaic glass of ancient times. Renaissance rock crystal inspired a technique of polished engraved glass in the late 19th century. Inspired by the revivals of historical glassworking methods and spurred by the capabilities of improved chemical technology, glassmakers by 1880 were creating new styles of handworked glass, generally called art glass. These were mostly decorative and novelty forms, made in reaction to mass-produced wares. Between 1890 and 1910 the most fashionable styles reflected the international art nouveau movement. Louis Comfort Tiffany in the U.S., and Émile Gallé and the firm of Daum Frères (founded 1889) in France, were the leading proponents of the style.
About Glass Beads
Glassmaking was not as strong a tradition in Islamic and Far Eastern countries as it was in the West. Forms and techniques developed that closely reflected their individual cultures; these, in turn, influenced Western forms
The history of glass from the 8th through the 14th century focuses on the Islamic world of the Middle East. Earlier Sassanian traditions of carved glass were continued by Muslim artisans, who made high-relief cut (hochschnitt) vessels, many with animal subjects. Quality colorless glass with fine wheel-engraved designs was also produced. Glass was made in India as early as the 5th century bc, but the industry was not established until the Mughal period, and particularly in the 17th century. |
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